Force and Friction

June 18, 2024

Force and friction are fundamental concepts in physics that govern the motion of objects. Force is any interaction that, when unopposed, changes the motion of an object. It can be a push or pull, resulting from the object's interaction with another object. Friction, on the other hand, is a resistive force that occurs when two surfaces come into contact. It opposes the relative motion of the objects, converting kinetic energy into heat and playing a crucial role in everyday activities, from walking to driving. Understanding these principles is essential for comprehending the dynamics of motion and the energy transformations in various systems.

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Definitions

Frictional force

Frictional force is the resistive force that opposes the relative motion or attempted motion of two surfaces in contact.

Applied force

Applied force is the force that is exerted on an object by a person or another object to move it.

Spring force

Spring force is the restoring force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring, proportional to its displacement according to Hooke's Law.

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Normal force

Normal force is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it, supporting the object's weight and counteracting gravity.

Electric force

Electric force is the force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles due to their electric fields.

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Short Questions

Q. Find the speed when the distance is 142 km and time is 2 hours.

The speed can be calculated using the formula:

$\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$

Given:

Distance = 142 km
Time = 2 hours

$\text{Speed} = \frac{142 \text{ km}}{2 \text{ hours}} = 71 \text{ km/h}$

So, the speed is 71 km/h.

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Q.List down one example for an action- reaction pair due to a contact force and one example due to a non-contact force.

Contact Force Example: When you push against a wall, the wall pushes back with an equal and opposite force.

Non-Contact Force Example: A magnet attracting a piece of iron causes the iron to exert an equal and opposite attractive force on the magnet.

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Long Question

Q.A boy throws a basketball in the basket. Discuss all the effects of forces occurring while carrying out this activity in 4 line

When a boy throws a basketball, the force of his muscles propels the ball, overcoming gravity and air resistance. The ball's trajectory is influenced by the initial velocity and angle of release, while spin can affect its path due to the Magnus effect. Upon approaching the basket, gravity pulls the ball downwards, and upon impact with the backboard or rim, contact forces alter its motion before it finally passes through the hoop.

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Q.Why do you move forward and a boat moves backwards when you jump from a boat to a dock? Explain in detail.

When you jump from a boat to a dock, you push off the boat with a force. According to Newton's third law of motion, the boat exerts an equal and opposite force on you. This propels you forward towards the dock while simultaneously pushing the boat backward in the opposite direction. The differing masses and resistances of you and the boat influence the extent of these movements.

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Q.A bus a distance of 350 km in 2.5 hours and then its slows down and covers a distance of 275 km in 3.8 hours . Calculate the average speed of the bus.

To calculate the average speed of the bus, we need to find the total distance traveled and the total time taken.

The total distance traveled is: $350 \, \text{km} + 275 \, \text{km} = 625 \, \text{km}$
The total time taken is: $2.5 \, \text{hours} + 3.8 \, \text{hours} = 6.3 \, \text{hours}$
The average speed is then given by: $\text{Average speed} = \frac{\text{Total distance}}{\text{Total time}} = \frac{625 \, \text{km}}{6.3 \, \text{hours}}$